Psychology unit 3

 Part 3

               PERCEPTION

When our sense organ come in contact with the world and stimulated by external stimuli and receives sensation , it results in perception. Interpretation gives meaning to sensation and we became aware of objects.

Definitions

The process by which the individual organize and interprets sensory information is called perception.

Principles of perception

Individuals tends to organize environmental stimuli into some meaningful patterns or whole according to certain principal some of the important principles are as follows:------------

1. Principle of figure ground relationship

According to figure ground relationship a a figure is perceived in a relation to it's background.

The perception of the any object or figure in terms of colour size shape and intensity. It depends upon the figure ground relationship

Principle of closure

In this type of principle while confronting an incomplete pattern one tends to  complete the pattern or sensory gaps and feet and perceive.  It as meaningful whole.

Principal of group

Principal of group have tendency to perceive system in organised and meaningful pattern it may be based on____

Similarity:-singular of grouped together ( group of dots)

Proximity:- the object of a closed or grouped together (8 lines).

Continuity:-the continuous object are grouped together.

 Principle of Simplicity

By by this principle we can separate object or things in simplest form.

Principle of contour

Principle of contour is based on the boundary between the figure and it's background. It is totally depends on the outline of the object or figure.

Principle of context

Perceptual organisation is also governed by the principle of context . 

Example-----

An examiner may award higher marks to the same answer sheet in a pleasant context then in an unpleasant context.

Principle of contrast

A contrast things or object attracts our mind first, so that we give more attention towards that things. Therefore it carry different perceptual affects.

Principle of adaptability

Adaptability principle show that , stimuli is totally depends upon the adaptability of perceiver. If a man or individual adapt to run in bright light will perceive normal light as quite dim.

Factors affecting perception

Sense organ 

Perception depends upon the sense organs , on which the stimuli act and sensory neurons, which transmits the nerve impulse from the receptor to the sensory area of the brain.

Brain

Perception depends upon the functioning capacity of sensory area and association area of the brain.

 Memory image of the past experience

Memory image of the past experience help us in the understanding of the object or stimulus before us.

 Personal interest and mindset acquired interest

We perceive those things clearly and quickly which are concerned with our interest and mind set.

 Needs and desire

Our needs or desire also modify your perceptions, besides; our beliefs ,opinions and cultural values also modify our perception of things , situation and objects.

Errors in perception

 Errors in perception the perception enable to identify accurate and smooth functioning of stimuli, however some errors can occur in the process of perception___

Illusions

When the interpretation of a particular stimulus goes around it gives a wrong perception or illusion.

E.g.

When we look from afar in the desert, we see like like there is  water but in reality it is not water.

Hallucination

It is major errors of perception. In which we sees or hear something that is not seen or heard by anyone around us.

E.g

 Sometimes we thought that someone is calling us but in reality no-one is calling us.

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