Psychology unit 3

 Part 10 

Theories of Memory…

Theories of memory provide abstract representations of how memory is believed to work.

1. Theories of general memory functions

2. Information processing theory

3. Levels of processing theory

1. Theories of general memory functions

Theory of general memory function focuses on three distinct processes of memory these are……

1. Encoding

2. Storage

3.  Retrieval

1. Encoding is the process of receiving sensory input and transforming it into code which can be stored.

2. Studied is the process of putting coded information into memory.

3. The travel is the process of gaining access to stored coded information when it is needed.

2. Information processing theory

This theory was developed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin ( 1968 )

according to this theory memory start with memory input from the environment.

This input is held for a very brief time.

Information that is attend into and recognise may be passed on to the short-term memory where it is held for 20 to 30 seconds.

When the short term memory is rehearsed then it pass along Long term memory.

The information which is placed in long term memory , will be organised in categories,  where may  resides for days, months, years or for a lifetime. When we remember something , a representation of the item is retrieved from long term memory.

3. Levels of processing theory

According to this theory , incoming information can be worked on at different levels of analysis, the deeper analysis goes the better the memory.

Perception :- it gives us an immediate awareness of the environment.

Structure :- features of input (what it looks like, or sounds like) are analysed.

Meaning :- meaning of the input is analysed.

* Analysis to the  deep level of meaning gives the best memory.

* Routine happenings of daily life are not process deeply.

Method of memorizing……

Success in the process of learning depends on the methods of learning adopted by the learner. They are ………

1) whole and part method

2)  Spaced and unspaced method

3) Repetition and practice

4) Grouping and rhythm

5) Making use of the principle of association

6) Recitation

7) Utilizing as many senses as possible

8) Pulling at all together

9) Funnel approaching

10) Acronym

11) Acrostic

12) Mnemonics 

      Forgetting

Definition

Forgetting is the lost permanent or temporary of the ability to recall or recognise something learnt earlier.

                       Mann - 1967

Forgetting means failure at any time to recall an experience , when attempting to do so or to perform an action  previously learned.

                               Drever - 1952

Types of forgetting…

1)  Natural forgetting

2) Morbid forgetting (abnormal) 

1) Natural forgetting

It occurs with the lapse of time in a quite normal way without any intention of forgetting on the part of the individual.

2) Morbid forgetting (abnormal) 

Person deliberately tries to forget something is called morbid forgetting (repression).