Health unit 1

 Part 13

                                 ELEMENTS

1) Intensive care or critical care

Patients who require close monitoring and intensive care.

E.g patient with myocardial infection, burns, renal transplant.

2) Immediate care

Critically ill patients are shifted to immediate care where vital signs are taken.

E.g. Cardiac care wards

3) long term care

These care are assigned to patients with chronic illness.

Nurses help patients by providing therapy like physical and occupational therapy.

4) home care

Home care for those who do not need hospitalization.

5) Ambulatory care

Patients visit hospital for follow up, rehabilitation and preventive services.

6) Convalescent and self care

Patients in these areas active participate to acheive  complete self care status.

Advantages

Patient receives specialized care.

Nursing personnel can make use of special skills.

Continuity care maintained

Disadvantages

There may be discomfort to client or patients.

Greater emphasis on written care plan.

Primary Nursing

It is good for long term care, rehabilitation units.

It is a system in which nurse is responsible for total care of number of client is 24 hours a day.

Advantages 

There is an opportunity to see the client and family one system.

Nurse use wide range of skills, knowledge.

Primary nurse is first line manager.

Disadvantages

More nurses are required for this method.

More expensive than other method.

Nurses may find difficulty in following plans made up by other nursing staff.

Primary Nursing care system is good for long term care, clinic.

Primary health care ( P.H.C )

It is assential health care based on practical, socially acceptable method made universally accessible to individuals.

Definition

"PHC is essential health care made universally accessible to individuals to them through their full participation and at a cost of community and country can afford."

Basic Requirements (7A's and 3C's )

1. Appropriate

2. Availability

3. Adequacy

4. Accessibility

5. Acceptability

6. Affordability

7. Accountability

1. Completeness

2. Contenuity

3. Comprehensive

Function

Medical care

MCH including family planning

Safe water supply

Prevention and control from endemic disease

Health education

Collection and reporting of vital statistics

Refferal of health workers local dias

Principles of PHC

1. Equitable distribution

PHC must shared equally by all people irrespected of their colour,sex, and religion.

2. Community participation

It needs to participate in the health care so there should be active participation of individuals.

3. Appropriate use of technology

It involves health care there should be proper equipment and their supplies throughout community.

4. Manpower development

Human resources are important factor for success of PHC.

5. Inter sectoral coordination

Health community cannot be improved by only health sectors.

Role of nurse in PHC

Work as a care provider, manager, advocate for clients or patients, coordinator, advisor, team leader, supervisor , etc.