Blood

 Part 2

Plasma Protein :- It make about 7% of plasma and they are normally retained in the blood because they are too big, too escape through the capillary pores into the tissues. They are responsible for creating the osmotic pressure of blood. Normal osmotic pressure is 25mm of Hg which keeps plasma fluid within the circulation.

Plasma viscosity is due to plasma protein mainly albumin, globulin and fibrinogen.

Albumin:- These are formed in the liver. There main function is to maintain normal plasma osmotic pressure. Albumin also act as carrier molecules for lipid and hormones.

Globulin:-  It is formed in liver and they remains in lymphoid tissues. There function are ---

# As antibodies

# Transportation

# Inhibition of proteolytic enzymes

Clotting factor:- These are substances essential for coagulation of blood. Serum is plasma from which clotting factors  have been removed. Fibrinogen is a synthesized in the liver and is essential for blood coagulation.

Inorganic salts:- These are involved in wide variety of activities including muscles contraction, transmission of nerve impulses, formation of secretion and maintenance of acid-base balance. The pH of blood is 7.35 to 7.45

Nutrients:-  In the alimentary tract food is broken down into small molecules, e.g., monosaccharide, amino acid, mineral salts they are required by all body cells to provide energy, heat , materials for repair and replacement and for the synthesis of other blood components and body secretion.

Waste Products:- Urea creatinine, uric acid are the waste products of protein metabolism. They are formed in the liver and conveyed in blood to the kidneys call for excretion.

Hormones:- These are substances synthesized by endocrine glands. Hormones pass directly from the endocrine cells into the blood which transports them to their target cells.

Gases:- oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are transported .O2 and CO2 are also transporter in combination with haemoglobin in blood cells. Nitrogen is present in plasma but it has no physiological function .