The portal vein

The portal vein-  the vein which form it and it's termination in the liver.

Dil ko krar aaya

 

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Arch of aorta and it's branches

 

Happy Hanuman jayanti

Hanuman jayanti special

Blood

 Part 5

                               Luecocytes

Luecocytes are  the largest blood cell.These cells have an important function in depending the body against microbes and other foreign materials. They contain nuclei and some have granule is their cytoplasm.

There are two mains type :--

1. Granulocytes :- The formation granulocytes is called granulopoiesis.

All granulocytes have multi - lobed nuclei in cytoplasm. Their name represent the dye they take up , when stained in laboratory.

2. Agranuclocytes :- no granules

Then easinophills           take red acid dye

Basophills.                     Alkaline methylene                                             blue

Neutrophils.                  Purple because they

                                       take both dyes

 Neutrophils :- There main function is to protect against any foreign material entering in body mainly microbes and to remove waste material.

E.g :- cell debris ( death cell )

They have a diameter of 10-12 micrometre and multilobed nucleus.

They are attached in large number any area of infection and chemical substances.

Released by demanaged cell called chemotoxins.

It is slightly motile and squeeze through capillary was affected area by diapedesis.

There after they engulf and kill microbes by phagocytosis.

Structure of heart

                      Structure of HEART

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Cardiac cycle

                Cardiac cycle

Electrocardio graph

Electrocardio graph

Blood

 Part4

# Oxygen transport ( Jb structure and breakdown, of molecules)

Haemoglobin is a large complex protein containing a large complex protein, globular protein ( globin ) and its pigment, iron containing complex called Haem.

Each haemoglobin molecule contain four atom of iron.

As each  atom of iron can combine an oxygen molecules , this means that a single Hb molecules can carry upto four molecules of oxygen. When all four oxygen binding sites on a Hb molecules are full . It is described as saturated Hb binds to oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin .

Haemoglobin + O2 _____ Oxyhemoglobin

Hb + O2 _______ HbO

Blood which is O2 is bright red  because of high level of HbO blood with lower oxygen level is that bluish in colour.

The association of oxygen with Hb is a loose one so that oxyhemoglobin release it's O2 readily, specially under certain conditions such as ____

Low pH

Low O2 level

Temperature

# Control of erythropoiesis

The number of blood cells remain constant, which they destroy. The primary stimulus to increased erythropoiesis is Hypoxia i.e is deficient O2 supply to blood cells.

This occurs when ______

 The O2 carrying capacity of blood is reduced by example:- Haemorrhage or excessive Erythrocytes breakdown ( Haemolysis ) .

 Hypoxia increases Erythrocytes formation by stimulating the product of the hormone Erythropoietin mainly by the kidneys.

 

Erythropoietin stimulates an increase in the production of proerythroblast and the release of increased number of reticulocytes into the blood. This increases the O2 carrying capacity of blood and reverse tissues hypoxia.

# Destruct of Erythrocytes or RBC 

 The life span Erythrocytes is about 120 days and their breakdown or Haemolysis is carried out by phagocytic reticuloendothelial cells, these cells are found in many tissues by the main sites of Haemolysis are the spleen  (graveyard of RBC ) , bone marrow and liver.

As Erythrocytes ages their cell membrane become susceptible to Haemolysis is retained in the body and reused in the bone marrow to form new Hb molecules.

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Experience during online class

So, Hello everyone

I am Pooja Rauniyar. I am a student of B.Sc nursing 1st year from ....

Nova institute of nursing and paramedical science Located in STP Rd, Behind Ganpati Vihar Colony, Khargapur, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226010 

 

How are you?I hope you all are well and safe.

Firstly I pray for all who is facing very difficult condition. I hope that God gives them the strength to bear this bad time.

Now, I am going to talk about my experience during online classes.

 I think  during this pandemic situation taking online class is better idea for every students and teachers. We are safe during online class. Our parents' feel good  they have no any tension about us.  

 Our classes running good.Teacher send us notes as wel as like in the class. Explain very fluently.  All students listen  teacher voice clear and clear their doubts. All teachers observed each and every students carefully.During online class video is also on.So that teacher can see every activity of students. Online class was very advantageous for us and our family.

Every thing/ plan have merits and Demerits. It has also many demerits..............

Many students have network issue. Mostly I have more issue with network due to indo-nepal boarder  their some particular place where network come . But it was not too good all time video and audio stop come a notification like connecting . It was very irritating moment for me.

Due to network problem students can' t here teachers voice  and teachers can't here students voice.

Many students wondering here and there.

Many students eat something .

Many students sleep during class.

Sometimes teacher voice not come so students murmuring with their friends.

The most important problem for every class representative ( C R ) , if any student message unnecessary so teachers scold CR , and give a name for class, your class students are oversmart , overconfident. 😁😂 

So everyone please save me from this I already become very iritate  due to network.

        ONLINE CLASS ATTENDENCE

So thank you everyone for reading my blog . If any suggestions then you can suggest me.

Be safe

Be negative ( covid 19 )

Otherwise always be positive 

#maskoncoronagone

#maintainsocialdistancing

Do gaj duri mask hai jaruri

(दो गज दूरी मास्क है जरुरी)

#novainstituteofnursingandparamedicalscience

#prauniyarownpassion

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Rista nya Rabba

 

Funny

 

Happy Earth day

 

#earth

#saveearth

Ek hi Jindagi

 

Navratri special

 

#navaratrispecial

#navratri

Anatomy part 3

 Organ of special sense

They are:-

Organ of taste - tongue

Organ of sight- eye

Organ of hearing - ears

Organ for tackle sensation - skin

Organ for smell - nose

Cavities of the body

Body cavities are the spaces within the body that help protect , separate and support the internal organs.there are four cavities____

1. Cranial cavity

2. Thoracic cavity

3. Abdominal cavity

4. Pelvic cavity

# Cranial cavities

The eight cranial bones from a hollow space of the head called cranial cavity.It contains brain

Boundaries for of cranial cavity

Anteriorly :-  one frontal bone 

Posteriorly :-  one occipital bones

Superiorly :-  two parietal bone 

Inferiorly :-  one  sphenoid and ethmoid

Laterally :- two temporal bone

# Thoracic cavity

This cavity is situated in the upper part of the trunk.

 Boundaries of thoracic cavity

Anteriorly :- Sternum

Posteriorly:- thoracic vertebrae (12)

Superiorly:- Structure forming root of neck

Inferiorly:- Diaphragm

Laterally:- 12 pair of ribs and intercostal muscles.

Contents

-- Trachea , two bronchi , two lungs

-- Heart , arota , superior and inferior vena cava and other blood vessels.

-- Oesophagus

-- Lymph vessels and lymph nodes

-- Nerves

3. Abdominal cavity

This is the largest cavity in the body and is oval in shape. It is situated in the main part of trunk.

Boundaries of Abdominal cavity

Anteriorly:- anterior abdominal valve muscles

Posteriorly:- posterior abdominal valve muscles and lumber vertebrae

Superiorly:-  Diaphragm

Inferiorly:-  pelvic cavity

Laterally:- lower ribs and parts of lateral abdominal valve.

4. Pelvic cavity

The pelvic cavity is roughly funnel shaped and extends from the lower end of abdominal cavities.

Boundaries of pelvic cavities

Anteriorly:- pubic bone

Posteriorly:- Sacrum and coccyx

Superiorly:- Abdominal cavity

Inferiorly:- Muscles of the pelvic floor

Laterally:- Innominate bones

Basic of computer

        

                     💻🖥️🖥️🖥️🖥️

   Computer -Input Device

# Keyboard ⌨️

# Mouse 

# Joystick 🕹️

# Light pen 🖋️🖊️🖋️

# Track Ball 

# Scanner

#  Graphic tablet

# Microphone 🎤🎙️

#  Magnetic Inc Card Reader ( MICR )

# Optical Character Reader ( OCR )

# Bar Code Reader

# Optical Mark Reader (OMR)

                        Keyboard

It is the most common and very popular input device which helps to input data to the computer.

Keyboard are of two sizes 84 keys or 101/102 keys , but now keyboard with 104 keys or 108 keys are also available for windows and internet.

                        Joystick

 It is also a pointing device which is used to move the cursor position on a monitor screen. It is a stick having a spherical ball at its both lower and upper ends. It mainly used in computer Aided Designing ( CAD ) and playing computer game.

                        Light pen

It is a pointing device similar to a pen.

                         Track Ball 

It is an input device that is mostly used in notebook or laptop computer.

                         Scanner

It is an input device, which works more like a photocopy machine.

                          Microphone

It is an input device to input sound that is then store in distal form.

                           Magnetic Inc Card Reader

It is generally used in bank as there are large number of cheques to be processed every day.

                           Optical Character Reader

It is input device used to read a printed text.

                           Bar Code Reader

It is the device used for reading bar code data ( data in the form of light and dark lines).

                     Optical Mark Reader

It is a special type of optical scanner used to recognise the type of mark made by pen or pencil.

I love you when you call me senorita

 

About my college

NOVA INSTITUTE Of NURSING And PARAMEDICAL SCIENCE

Hey everyone, this is Pooja Rauniyar 

I am a student of bsc nursing 1st year....

Today's I am going to talk about my college , Nova college... Located in STP Rd, Behind Ganpati Vihar Colony, Khargapur, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226010 

Before taking admission in this college you have to know about the college....

Affiliated by atal Bihari Vajpayee University, Lucknow

1. It is the best college.

2. It is an anti ragging college.

3. Teachers are very professional and intelligent.

4.  Their is many courses present in our college such as B.Sc Nursing, GNM, ANM, B.pharma and others paramedical courses.

5. Hospital facilities available

6.  Hostel facilities is also available for girls students.

7.  College campus is very neat and clean.

8. A garden is present in the college.

9. Their is well maintain furniture in every class room.

10. Smart classes is present in this college.

11. Labs are present in our college.

12. All teachers guide the students for their bright future.

13. Their is good water and electricity supply.

14. Mess is available

15. 24*7 watchman is present for security purpose.

Thank you...

#novainstituteofnursingandparamedicalscience

Funny pictures

 

Happy Ambedkar jayanti

 

Jai maa brahmacharini

 

Day 1 happy navratri

 

Anatomy (system of the body)

                    

System of the body

1. Skeleton System :- It is formed by bones. It provide frame work of body.It protects the soft tissues and allows movement of joints.

2. Muscular System :- The muscular system consist of a large number of muscles. They bring about various movements in the body. Muscles are attached to bones, cartilages, ligaments or skin

3. Circulatory System (cardiovascular system):- It includes heart, blood vessels, and blood. This system carry oxygen and nutrients to various tissues of the body.

4. Respiratory System:- It consists of air passage and lungs.It allows exchange of gases between the body and the environment.

5.  Digestive system:- It consists alimentary canal. It is concerned with digestion and absorption of food and elimination of waste material.

6. Endocrine System:- It includes all hormone producing glands and cells such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and pancrease . Hormones regulate body functions.

7. Urinary System:- It consist of kidneys,ureter, urinary, bladder and urithro. It is concerned with the elimination of waste product of the body.

8. Lymphatic System:- It include with immune system or circulatory system because it works closely with both system. The lymph, lymphatic vessels and structure organs containing lymph tissue.It clean and returned tissue fluid to the blood and destroys pathogens that entered the body.

9. Nervous System:- It consist of brain,spinal cord, nervous and sense organ such as the eye and ear. It's function is to give sensory information and regulate body function such as movements.

10. Reproductive System:- It consist genital organ which are different in males and females this system is responsible for the survival of the species by reproduction.

Friends forever

 

Funny pictures

 

Funny pictures

 

Basic of computer part 3

💻 🖥️🖥️🖥️🖥️🖥️💻

 Disadvantages of computer

# No IQ

∆ A computer is a machine that has no intelligence to perform any task.

∆ Each instruction has to be given to the computer.

∆ A computer can not take any decision.

# No feelling

∆ It can not make judgement based on feeling, test experience and knowledge unlike humans.

∆  Computer have no feeling or emotions.

#  Environment

The operating environment of the computer should be dust free .

# Computer generation

S.no.                 generation      discription

1.                        1946-1959        Vaccum tube                                                                 based

2.                         1959-1965       Transistor based

3.                         1965-1971          Integrated                                                                     circuit

4.                          1972-1980        VLSI                                                                              microprocessor

5.                          1980- onwards    ULSI                                                                            microprocessor

# Computer Components

Operation                Description

1. Take input.              The process of  enter the                                         data and instruction into                                           the computer system.

2. Store data.             Saving data and                                                           instruction so that they are                                       available for processing as                                     and when required.

3. Processing.          Performing arithmetic and                                      logical operations on data in                                  order to convert them into                                        useful information.

4. Output information.       The process of                                                            producing useful i                                                information or result for                                           the user such as a printed                                         report or display.

Motivational Thoughts

 

Health unit 1

Part 2

  Illness

  It is a personal state in which the person feels unhealthy.

Illness is a state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is deminised or impaired compared with previous experience.

# Factors affecting health and illness

There are various factors affecting health and illness :-

1. Rising health care costs :-  It is increasing day by day

2. Physical factor :-  Physical may lead to psychological problem, like stress, anxiety and ageing.

3. Environmental factor :-  Environment is defined as all which is external to individual. It may be physical, biological and psychological.

4. Psychology factor :-  The loss may be of job , children or family members.

5. Host factor :- this include___

# Demographic : Age, sex .

6. Lifestyle factor- living habit

7. Behaviour factors 

8. Ageing : It also affect health and lead to many disease like heart disease and diabeties.

Causes and risk factor for developing

Causes

* Bacteria

* Virus

* Fungi

* Parasites

* Environment

* Genetics

* Lifestyle

A risk factor is any situation that affect social environment and psychological conditions.

1. Physical situation:-  Poor living conditions, lack of sanitation.

2. Biological situation:- Age, sex and genetics.

3. Socio culture situation:- Believes, traditions, habits.

Disease                                             Risk factor

1. Lung factors.                               Smoking, air, pollution

2. Diabeties.                                     Lack of exercises,                                                           excessive food consumption

Health Unit 1

 

Part 1

                                                            Introduction

Health

              Health has been declared as a fundamental human rights. It is an ideal state of physical and mental well being. Traditionally, health has been defined as the presence or absence of disease.

Definition 

                   A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely absence of desease or infirmity.

                                      ( Given by WHO )

Health include all the following aspects :- 

1. Physical health:- perfect functioning of body.

2. Mental health:- A mind that grows and adjust to life situations.

3. Emotional health:-  Feelings and actions that bring one satisfaction.

4. Spiritual health:-  Inner peace and security in one's spiritual faith.

5. Social health:- A sense of responsibility for the health and welfare of others.

Health Dimension

Hamrick and Rosato proposed seven dimension of health.

1. Physical dimension

                                  It implies perfect functioning of body. It includes:-

Ability to carry out daily activities

Avoid drugs and alcohols

Normal pulse, blood pressure and temperature

2. Social dimension

It is the ability to interapt with the people and within the environment.

3. Emotional dimension

Emotional health is related to feelings.

It involves ability to express emotions.

4. Intellectual dimension

This dimension of health involves ability to learn and ability to use information.

5. Spiritual dimension

Helps individual to achieve the balance needed to maintain health, and scope of with illness.

6. Occupational dimension

Work and job place important role in promoting physical and mental health.

7. Environmental dimension

This include air, water, food.

This serve basic components to promote health.

Status

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Concept of nursing

Concepts of nursing

*  The nursing science is an independent applying science.

* Nursing is a profession. Nursing can assist individual to meet the basic needs.

* Nursing can assist individual to meet the basic needs.

* The task of nursing are:-

to promote health

to prevent disease

to assist healing

to assist dying patient

* The client is a holistic human being.

* The working place includes hospital, family, community and whole society.

* Nursing is not only a science, but also an art.

* The nursing science is attaches importance to human beings living environment and the interaction between human being and it's environment.

* The nursing science is a gradually perfect and developing science.

* There are mainly four concepts of nursing related to 

Person 

Environment

Health

Nursing

The connection between these four concepts are explained in the following statement.

∆  Aims and objective of Nursing

* The four aims :-

Promote Health

Prevent Illness

Restore Health

Facilitate coping with death and disability.

* The four aims of nursing interrelate by the nurse using cognitive, technical, interpersonal and ethical/ legal abilities or skills.

                   ∆ Objectives

* To establish and promise implementation of standards of nursing practice, nursing education and nursing services as defined by statutory bodies.

* To encourage members to adhere to the ethical considerations of nurses as patient advocates.

* To promote and protect the economic and general welfare of nurses.

* To continually review and clarify the role of nurse.

* To interpret the aims of various educational programmes and career opportunities.

* To identify the educational needs of practice.

*  To initiate legislation and proposal for government regulations.

* To speak for the nursing profession in relationship with profession, community and governmental groups.

Qualities of a professional Nurse

 

  Qualities of a professional Nurse

For an efficient discharging of her/ his duties and for a satisfactory fulfillment of all the aims and aspiration that her / his profession stands for, the following qualities in a nurse are inevitable.

1. Love:- With all its other attendant qualities like mercy , kindness , gentleness, patience and understanding are a must in a successful nurse. All her service for the sick and disabled are sponsored by these qualities. Without these essential characteristics the nurse becomes only a mechanical aid.

2. Willingness and self- sacrifice : these two qualities are complimentary to each other. Because she is willing to serve under any trying situation , a nurse sacrifices her time , comfort and even material benefits e.g. Florence Nightingale at Scutari.

3. Reliability:- A nurse is one who can be dependent upon for a faithful discharging of her duties, the patients under her care , their families doctor's and members of the" health team" depend on her , for she is trust worthy and competent.

4. Resourcefulness:- In critical circumstances she uses her wisdom and knowledge and performs duties to the best of her ability with whatever means that are at her disposal. She tackles situations with alacrity.

5. Courage:- In time of confusion, calamity or catestrophe , the nurse manages her work with compassion and is ready to meet any problem with courage . She is cool and level headed and does not get agitated easily.

6. Loyalty and honesty:- her relationship with the patient, the doctor and her associates are marked by  almost loyalty and honesty.

7. Observant:- A good nurse is always vigilant. She keeps a close and constant watch on the patients, their progress, their changes and reactions to treatment etc., and gives the doctor timely reports . A nurse should anticipate and meet the patients need.

8. Willingness to learn:- nurse must keep in touch with the latent discoveries and developments in medicine and treatment and must " maintain her knowledge and skill at a consistently high level".

9. Co-operative and considerate:- A nurse learns to live in harmony with patients, doctors and other members of the health team and tries to help them in times of need.

10. Cleanliness:-  A nurse is always clean and neat personally and in her work. She must be tidy and demand high standards of cleanliness from those whom she is associated within her profession.

11. Spirituality:- A nurse must learn to create a spiritual atmosphere for the patients to put their confidence and trust in a "power" that is higher than any other power in the world.